home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.modems
- Path: FreeNet.Carleton.CA!an171
- From: an171@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Anthony Hill)
- Subject: Re: ? Max speed for voice line
- Message-ID: <DM6LGB.9qx@freenet.carleton.ca>
- Sender: an171@freenet5.carleton.ca (Anthony Hill)
- Reply-To: an171@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Anthony Hill)
- Organization: The National Capital FreeNet
- References: <1996Jan31.112321@miavx1> <4erqau$6hb@forged.passport.ca>
- Date: Sat, 3 Feb 1996 03:52:59 GMT
-
-
- Bill Antic (vasant@passport.ca) writes:
- > odchetveriko@miavx1.acs.muohio.edu (Oleg Chetverikov) wrote:
- >>I have a question.
- >>I am taking a networking class and my prof said that the highest speed
- >>that can be achieved over the voice grade line (telephone line) is
- >>25,900 bps. I suppose he was talking about physical transmission, without
- >>taking compession into consideration. My question is whether it is correct. And
- >>if it is, does it mean that 28.8 modems do not operate at full capacity?
- >>And I also see people in this newsgroup talking about 33.6 bps modems.
- >>I will really appreciate if someone can clarify the situation for me. If you
- >>think that the posting will be unnecessary, e-mail the answer to me. By the
- >>way, is there a FAQ for this newsgroup?
- >> Thank you.
- >> Oleg.
- >> odchetve@miavx1.muohio.edu
- >
- > I am sure that you are aware that the bandwidth of a voice grade line
- > if approx. 3300 Hz, which in turn results in a severe restriction in
- > the signaling speed, (refer to Shannon's theorem). Signaling speed,
- > therefore, is limited to a maximum of approx. 2400 baud (signal
- > transitions per second) due to the bandwidth of the voice grade lines.
-
- Shhh.. don't tell that to my v.34 modem which typically uses the
- 3429 symbol rate (baud rate). I'm guessing that the 25,900bps number
- mentioned above was achived by using the Shannon theorem with out of date
- numbers. The phone systems have improved significantly in recent years,
- and the newest testing I've seen seems to indicate that the majority
- (although certainly not all) of phone lines can support 28.8 connections
- or higher.
-
- > The data transfer rate, on the other hand, depends on the type of
- > modulation used, and that is why we must differentiate between the
- > terms "baud" and "bits/sec". For example, if we employ a quad-bit
- > modulation, also known as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), each
- > LINE transition would represent four bits of DATA, hence a 2400 baud
- > line would have a data transmission rate of 9600 bps. This appears to
- > be the practical limit of data transfer WITHOUT DATA COMPRESSION.
-
- Then you could try through v.34 into some of these equations and
- get some really wierd numbers (like 8.428 bits/baud).
-
- > The extent to which data can be compressed depends on the type of
- > data, but generally accepted ratio is 4:1, more or less. If we take
- > the above example of 9600 bps and multiply it by the compression ratio
- > of 4, we get the maximum DATA transfer rate of 38,400 bps. This
- > therefore means that the DATA transfer rate over a voice grade line
- > could be as high as 38,400 bps while the signaling speed at the same
- > time is only 2400 baud. Of course you must realize that this is a
- > theoretical limit. In practice we have to take into account the line
- > noise, type of data which will affect compression ratio, and some
- > other factors, resulting in a typical rating values of 28.8k or 33.6k
- > for modems. You must keep in mind, however, that although a modem may
- > be rated at, say 28,800 bps, the actual transmission rate is usually
- > less, often 24,600 or even 20,000 bps. It depends on the condition
- > of the line, type of data, etc., etc.
-
- When 28.8 (or 33.6) modems say that they're connected at 28.8,
- they really ARE connected at that speed, there is no data compression
- involved (yet). Of course, you can use data compression on top of this.
- Most 28.8/33.6 modems have a max. theoretical throughput of 115.2kbps (a
- few can use DTE rates of up to 230.4kbps, but the chances of compressing a
- file that much in the real world is pretty close to zero).
-
- > So your prof appears to be correct!
-
- As I said above, the prof. is likely using the right idea, but
- with the wrong numbers. Most modern voice lines have enough bandwidth to
- use at least the 3000 symbol rate (which will limit your speed to 26.4
- with the current v.34 spec, or 28.8 with the annex, provided the line is
- "clean" enough), and many lines (such as mine) will support even more.
-
- Anthony
- --
- Anthony Hill | an171@FreeNet.Carleton.CA
-